Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 34 Download : 13

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This study aims at describing the concept of leadership, exploring the relationship between leadership and characters in human resource management, and analyzing critically how the character in leadership becomes an essential factor in developing the quality of human resources in an organization or in an institution.


Methodology: This article is descriptive qualitative research using observational data supported by literature studies. The data were collected by observing cases related to leadership character in human resources. Besides, online literature studies were also conducted to map supporting data related to leadership character in human resources. Data were analyzed using a descriptive critical review.


Main findings: This study showed three tendencies on the character of leadership in an organization. Those are, (a) Character understanding and implementation in leadership practice to manage human resources. The leader character becomes exemplary in managing the human resources in an organization. (b) A leader character is manifested in his leadership characters to manage the human resources of the organization. A leader's individual character has the potential to influence his employee’s characters. (c) Character in leadership becomes the main factor in affecting the development of human resources quality in a certain organization.


Implications: The development of human resources quality in an organization or in an institution could be well-established through the implementation of the three lead characters as found in this study, i.e., exemplary, spirituality, and ethics.


Novelty/Originality of this study: In fact, the three characters of the leadership; exemplary, spirituality, and ethics are not only becoming the major instruments in developing the quality of the human resources in an organization or in an institution and but also being the basic and the fundamental needs that a leader must have in organizing and leading an organization or an institution.

Keywords

Character Leadership Human Resources Development Organization

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors retain the copyright without restrictions for their published content in this journal. IJMIER is SHERPA ROMEO Green Journal. 

Publishing License

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of  Creative Commons License

How to Cite
Widyatmoko, W. F., Pabbajah, M., & Widyanti, R. N. (2020). THE CHARACTER OF LEADERSHIP IN HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT: A CRITICAL REVIEW: A CRITICAL REVIEW. International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research, 6(2), 01-09. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2020.621

References

  1. Abdullah, I., Jubba, H., Pabbajah, M., Sari, I. P., Zuhri, S., & Ernas, S. (2019). From Selfism to Indifferentism: Challenges Facing Indonesian Society and Culture, 2015–2045. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 8 (3), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0009
  2. Aidt, T., & Rauh, C. (2018). The Big Five Personality Traits and Partisanship in England. Electoral Studies, 54, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.04.017
  3. Alkahtani, A. H., Abu-Jarad, I., Sulaiman, M., & Nikbin, D. (2011). The Impact of Personality and Leadership Styles on Leading Change Capability of Malaysian Managers. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1 (2), 70.http://ajbmr.com/articlepdf/ajbmr_v01n02_06.pdf
  4. Antes, A. L., Mart, A., & DuBois, J. M. (2016). Our Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 11 (5), 408–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1556264616668775
  5. Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., & Berson, Y. (2012). Leadership Models, Methods, and Applications: Progress and Remaining Blind Spots. Handbook of psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118133880.hop212015
  6. Baharuddin, B. (2018). Spiritual Moral Approach in Realizing the Effectiveness of School Leadership. Edumaspul Journal of Education, 1 (1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v1i1.38
  7. Barlow, C. B., Jordon, M. & Hendrix, W. H. (2003). Character Assessment: An examination of Leadership Levels. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(4), 563-584. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023408403204
  8. Brown, M. E., & Trevino, L. K., & Harrison, D. (2005). Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97,117-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
  9. Burgess, S. W., & Martin-Jones, K. (2020). Spiritual Leadership. The Routledge Companion to Inclusive Leadership (pp. 238–249). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429294396-23
  10. Bush, T. (2018). Distributed Leadership and Bureaucracy: Changing Fashions in Educational Leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47 (1), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218806704
  11. Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2016). School of Leadership and Management in South Africa. International Journal of Educational Management, 30 (2), 211-231. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2014-0101
  12. Central Bureau of Statistics. (2019). February 2019: Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) of 5.01 percent. 2019-05-06, 41, 1–16. https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2019/05/06/1564/februari-2019--Tingkat-pengangguran-terbuka--pt--sebesar-5-01-persen.html
  13. Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R, N. (1998). Charismatic Leadership in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (Colvin, G. (2003). Corporate Crooks are Not All Created Equal. Fortune, 10,145-179.
  14. Connolly, M., James, C., & Fertig, M. (2017). The Difference between Educational Management and Educational Leadership and the Importance of Educational Responsibility. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 174114321774588. h https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217745880
  15. Clarke, N. (2013). Model of Complexity Leadership Development. Human Resource Development International, 16 (2), 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2012.756155
  16. Coffman, L. C. (2011). Intermediation Reduces Punishment (and reward). American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 3 (4), 77-106. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.3.4.77
  17. Crossan, M., Seijts, G., & Gandz, J. (2015). Developing Leadership Character. Developing Leadership Character. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315739809
  18. Danişman, Ş., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., & Karadağ, E. (2015). The Effect of Leadership on Organizational Performance. Leadership and Organizational Outcomes: Meta-Analysis of Empirical Studies (pp. 143–168). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14908-0_9
  19. Dauvrin, M., & Lorant, V. (2015). Leadership and Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professionals. Nursing Research, 64(3), 200–210. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000092
  20. Egel, E., & Fry, L. W. (2017). Spiritual Leadership as a Model for Islamic Leadership. Public Integrity, 19 (1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1200411
  21. Elizondo, E. S. (2016). Morality is its own Reward. Kantian Review, 21 (03), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415416000236
  22. Fry, L. W. (2016). Spiritual Leadership. The Global Encyclopaedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1-6). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2353-1
  23. Gandz, J., Crossan, M., Seijts, G., & Reno, M. (2013). Leadership Character and Corporate Governance Competencies, Commitment, and Character. Ivey Business Journal, June, 1–9. http://www.cais.ca/uploaded/Temp/leadership_character_and_governance_article_directorjournal.pdf
  24. Garavan, T. N., O'Donnell, D., McGuire, D., & Watson, S. (2007). Exploring Perspectives on Human Resource Development: An Introduction. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9 (1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422306294342
  25. Grahek, M. S., Thompson, A. D., & Toliver, A. (2010). The Character to Lead: A Closer Look at Character in Leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal, 62 (4), 270–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022385
  26. Guest, D. E. (2011). Human Resource Management and Performance: Still Searching for Some Answers. Human Resource Management Journal, 21 (1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2010.00164.x
  27. Hallinger, P. (2018). A Systematic Review of Research on Educational Leadership and Management in South Africa: Mapping Knowledge Production in a Developing Society. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2018.1463460
  28. Hallinger, P., & Chen, J. (2014). Review of Research on Educational Leadership and Management in Asia. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43 (1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535744
  29. Hamid, H., Sarosh, A., & Yasuo H. (2016). Determinants of Leadership Style in Big Five Personality Dimensions. Universal Journal of Management 4(4), 161 - 179. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2016.040402
  30. Herrera, R., Duncan, P. A., Green, M. T., & Skaggs, S. L. (2012). The Effect of Gender on Leadership and Culture. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 31 (2), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21413
  31. Hogan, R., & Judge, T. (2013). Personality and Leadership. The Oxford Handbook of Leadership, 37-46. https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=16109351269865806027&hl=id&as_sdt=0,5
  32. Hyoscyamina, D. E. (2011). Peran Keluarga dalam Membangun Karakter Anak. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 10 (2), 144–152.
  33. Ingram, O. C. (2016). Servant Leadership as a Leadership Model. Journal of Management Science and Business Intelligence, 1 (1), 21–26.
  34. James Jr, H. S. (2015). Generalized Morality, Institutions and Economic Growth, and the Intermediating Role of Generalized Trust. Kyklos, 68 (2), 165-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12079
  35. Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.765
  36. Kanki, B. G. (2019). Communication and Crew Resource Management. Crew Resource Management (pp. 103-137). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374946-8.10004-4
  37. Kenny, D. A., & Zaccaro, S. J. (1983). An Estimate of Variance Due to Traits in Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 678-685. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.678
  38. Klein, A., Kiranda, Y., & Bafaki, R. (2011). Concepts and Principles of Democratic Governance and Accountability Pseudo Power Contestation and Modelling in Indonesia. (2016). JSP: Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 19 (1), 1–15.
  39. Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (2003). Managing the Human Resource Architecture for Knowledge-Based Competition. In Jackson, S., Hitt, M., & Denise, A. (Eds.), Managing Knowledge for Sustained Competitive Advantage: Designing Strategies for Effective Human Resource Management (pp. 127-154). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=bqui0OL_8UC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq#v=onepage& &f=false
  40. Lindenberg, S., Steg, L., Milovanovic, M., & Schipper, A. (2018). The Moral Hypocrisy and the Hedonic Shift: A Goal-Framing Approach. Rationality and Society, 30 (4), 393-419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463118795719
  41. Mann, R. D. (1959). A Review of the Relationship between Personality and Performance in Small Group. Psychological Bulletin, 56,241-270. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044587
  42. Marsiglia, A. J. (2005). The Relationship between Leadership and Personality. Saatavissa: http://lead-inspire.com/Papers-Articles/LeadershipManagement/The%20Relationship%20between%20leadership%20and %20Personality.pdf
  43. Marume & Jaricha. (2016). Styles of Leadership in Institutions. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 5 (5), 72-77. http://www.ijbmi.org/papers/Vol(5)5/K0505072077.pdf
  44. McLean, G. N., and McLean, L. (2010) ‘If We can't Define HRD in One Country, How Can We Define it in an International Context? Human Resource Development International, 4 (3): 313-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860110059339
  45. Monin, B., & Merritt, A. (2011). Moral Hypocrisy, Moral Inconsistency, and the Struggle for Moral Integrity. In the Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil. (pp. 167–184). ttps://doi.org/10.1037/13091-009
  46. Nafis, H., Rusdinal., Ananda, A., Khairani., & Satria, H. (2019). Influence of Profesional Teacher Competence, Self Concept, Interest Learning, and Early to Learning Outcomes Mathematics. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 8 (10). https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.J9893.0881019
  47. Özbağ, G. K. (2016). The Role of Personality in Leadership: Five-Factor Personality Traits and Ethical Leadership. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.019
  48. Pabbajah, M., Jubba, H., Abdullah, I., Samsuddin, Nurina, R.N., & Widyatmoko, W.F. (2020). Building Indonesia’s Private Universities as a Center of Excellence. Journal of Talent Development and Excellence, 12 (1), 2943-2954. http://www.iratde.com/index.php/jtde/article/view/1158
  49. Pabbajah, M., Irwan Abdullah, Ratri Nurina Widyanti, Hasse Jubba & Nur Alim. (2020). Student Demoralization in Education: The Industrialization of University Curriculum in 4.0.Indonesia, Cogent Education, 7:1, 1779506. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1779506
  50. Pabbajah, M., Ratri Nurina Widyanti & Widi Fajar Widyatmoko. (2019). The Factors of Service, Religiosity and Knowledge in the Decision Of Customers to Save Funds in Sharia Banks in Yogyakarta City. International Journal of Business, Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences, 1(2), 13–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.051018/ijbhes.v1i2.37
  51. Rafsanjan, H. (2017). Spiritual Leadership. Musharraf Al-Syariah Journal: Journal of Sharia Economics and Propagation, 2 (1). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=862638011141635288&hl=id&as_sdt=0,5
  52. Robertson, T. (2011). Leadership Theory vs. Leadership Style. Houston Chronicle. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/leadership-theory-vs-leadership-style-32967.html
  53. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T.A. (2007). Organizational Behavior (12th ed,). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice hall. https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/product/Robbins-Organizational-Behavior-12th-Edition/9780132431569.html
  54. Rukmani, K., Ramesh, M., & Jayakrishnan, J. (2010). Effect of Leadership Styles on Organizational Effectiveness. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15 (3), 365-370. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c5f2/6290221bd608f122723dd92a53238d8aa043.pdf
  55. Sarros, J., Cooper, B., & Santora, J. (2007). The Character of Leadership. Ivey Business Journal, 71 (5), 1–9. https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-character-of-leadership/
  56. Service, R., Reburn, J., & Windham, J. (2017). The Character of Leadership: Is Leadership. European Journal of Management, 17 (2), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.18374/EJM-17-2.5
  57. Smyth, N. (2016). The Function of Morality. Philosophical Studies, 174 (5), 1127-1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0746-8
  58. Sosik, J. J. & Cameron, J. C. (2010). Character and Authentic Transformational Leadership Behavior: Expanding the Ascetic Self towards Others. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(4) 251-269. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022104
  59. Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personality Factors Associated with Leadership: A survey of Literature. Journal of Personality, 25, 35-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1948.9917362
  60. Suarmini, N. W., Rai, N. G. M., & Marsudi, M. (2016). The character of Children in the Family as Social and Cultural Resilience of the Nation. Journal of Social Humanities, 9 (1), 78. https://doi.org/10.12962/j24433527.v9i1.1280
  61. Subianto, J. (2013). The Role of Families, Schools, and Communities in the Formation of Quality Characters. Education: Journal of Islamic Education Research, 8 (2), 331–354. https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v8i2.757
  62. Sung, S. Y., & Choi, J. N. (2014). Multiple Dimensions of Human Resource Development and Organizational Performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35 (6), 851–870. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1933
  63. Suwarno, S., & Bramantyo, R. Y. (2019). Influence of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance. Legal Transparency, 2 (1).
  64. Timonen, H., & Paloheimo, K. (2008). The Emergence and Diffusion of the Concept of Knowledge Work. The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 6, 177-190. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228896828_The_emergence_and_diffusion_of_the_concept_of_knowledge_work
  65. Ulrich, T. H. (2018). Spiritual Leadership. Spiritual Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22901-6
  66. Van Vugt, M., Jepson, S. F., Hart, C. M., & De Cremer, D. (2004). Autocratic Leadership in Social Dilemmas: A Threat to Group Stability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00061-1
  67. Walia, A., Bansal, R., & Mittal, S. (2015). Relationship between Leadership Style and Followership Style. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences Impact Factor, 313 (4), 170–181. http://www.garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Apr2015/15.pdf
  68. Waris, A. P. M. (2015). Effect of Training, Competence, and Discipline on Employee Performance in Company: Case Study in PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1240–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.165
  69. Widyanti, R. N. (2019). Student Perception of Quality of Service in the Master of Management Study Program of the Yogyakarta University of Technology. Journal of Business Management. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.10179
  70. West, G. B. (2019). Navigating Morality in Neoliberal Spaces of English Language Education. Linguistics and Education, 49, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2018.12.004
  71. Yahaya, N., Taib, M. A. B. M., Ismail, J., Shariff, Z., Yahaya, A., Boon, Y., & Hashim, S. (2011). Relationship between Leadership Personality Types and Sources of Power and Leadership Styles among Managers. African Journal of Business Management, 5 (22), 9635-9648. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Relationship-between-personalities-and-leaders-power-and-leadership-styles_fig2_267372486
  72. Yıldız, S., Baştürk, F., & Boz, İ. T. (2014). The Effect of Leadership and Innovation on Business Performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 785–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.064
  73. Zaccaro, S. J. (2014). Leadership Memes: From Ancient History and Literature to Twenty-First-Century Theory and Research. In D. V. Day (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Leadership and Organizations (pp. 13–39). New York: Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199755615.013.001