Yuva Journal of Medical Sciences

CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

2018-10-10T14:37:39+00:00

Children in Indian society has always been a topic less spoken or discussed. Children in every society have always been taken as the greatest gift to humanity. Childhood is an important stage of human development as it holds the potential to the future development of any society. Children who are brought up in an environment, which is helpful to their intellectual, physical and social development go on to be responsible and productive part of the society.

If we are to engage the children in to work when they are too young for the task, we are unduly reducing their present welfare or their future income earning capabilities, either by shrinking their future external choices or by reducing their future individual productive capabilities. Generally it is said that due to economic problems children are forced to forego educational and other development opportunities and take up jobs which mostly exploit them as they are usually underpaid and engaged in hazardous conditions. Parents send their child for a job as a desperate measure due to poor economic conditions. It is therefore no wonder that the poor households represent the largest segment contributor of child labour. One of the key aspects of child labour is that children are sent to work at the expense of education. There is a strong effect of child labour on school attendance rates and the length of a child’s work day is inversely associated with their capacity to attend school. Child labour restricts the right of children to access and benefit from education and denies the fundamental opportunity to attend school. Child labour, thus, prejudices children’s education and also adversely affects their health and safety.

CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENT WITH ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE OF UDAIPUR ZONE

2018-10-10T14:44:52+00:00

Introduction: Congenital Heart Diseases are amongst the major congenital malformations contributing to infant mortality. Most CHDs are diagnosed in infancy and cyanosis and cardiac failure are the principal signs. Later, in childhood or adolescence, CHD patients may present differently.

Objective: 1.To Study the clinical & Etiological profile of Patient presenting as CHD. 2. To Study the clinical profile of Patients presenting as acyanotic CHD 3. To study the relative incidence of various types of acyanotic CHD.

Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Dept. of pediatrics, RNT Medical College, Udaipur. 100 children having sign and symptoms suggestive of CHD, attending the Balchikitsalay, were included in this study. Each case worked out by a detailed history, physical examination and various investigations. 1. CBC 2. Chest X-Ray 3. Echo Cardiography.

Results: Majority of the cases in our study were of Acyanotic CHD (73%) and most of them presented during 0-1 Year of life (78.08%). Dyspnoea was the commonest symptoms (62%) followed by FTT (40%) cases and Recurrent RTI (36%) cases, Refusal to feed (34%) cases, cyanosis (25%) cases, Anoxic Spell (5%) of cases. 73 Patients had abnormal chest X- ray finding on presentation.

Conclusion: Acyanotic CHD were most commonly seen in children rather than cyanotic CHD.VSD was most commonacyanotic congenital heart disease in infancy. Among cyanotic CHDs, Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common lesion. All cases of CHD should be under regular monitoring so as to permit optimal growth and development. A high index of suspicion, a detailed history, physical examination, chest X-ray along with the use of 2-D-Echocardiography which not only helps us to diagnose most of the cases of congenital heart disease but also help in diagnosing severity of the lesion.

A STUDY TO ASSESS SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH GLYCEMIC PARAMETERS ININDIVIDUALS WITH PREDIABETES AND DIABETES MELLITUSIN A NORTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2018-10-15T06:38:19+00:00

Uric acid is considered to be an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and a determinant of incidence of T2D in adults with glucose intolerance. There is conflicting finding regarding the trend of serum uric acid level in different glycemic status. Therefore this study has been aimed to investigate the association of serum uric acid level with glycemic parameters in prediabetic and diabetic individuals attending the tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand,

An observational study was conducted in 721 individuals based on data collected from Biochemistry log book of AIIMS Rishikesh maintained from October 2014 to September 2016. The enzymatic method was carried out for measurement of Serum uric acid [ (Uricase) and blood glucose (BG) (Hexokinase)] level, and HbA1c was determined by immune inhibition method.

Out of 721 individuals (410 male and 311female) 118 and 504 individuals belonged to prediabetes and T2D respectively. Prediabetic individuals have higher uric acid level (5.408±1.7747 vs 5.639±1.7881) and diabetic individuals have significantly (p= 0.005) lower level of uric acid compared to healthy individuals (5.40±1.77 vs 5.12±1.53). Glycemic parameters showed positive association in normoglycemic individuals whereas significantly negative association in prediabetic and diabetic individuals. The ROC scatter plot revealed the area under the curve created by uric acid was 0.464 with 95% CI 0.399 - 0.530.

From this study it could be concluded that serum uric acid may be a determinant of altered glucose metabolism but not a potential predictor of prediabetes in north Indian populations residing in Uttarakhand.